华盛顿州驾照
搬到美国后，在华盛顿州拿到你的第一本驾照。
流程是这样的
- 1你到了你搬到了华盛顿州，想在这里开车。
- 2学习许可你拿着学习驾驶许可（learner permit）上路练车。
- 3笔试你参加笔试。
- 4路考你上车参加路考。
- 拿驾照考试通过，驾照就到手了。
费用
第一本驾照
在 2028 年七月 1 日之前，发证费按驾照有效年数计算，每年 $10，其中已经包含必需的照片费用。
除申请费之外，发证费按驾照有效期每年 $10 计算——八年期驾照 $80，六年期 $60——再加 $1 技术费。从 2028 年七月 1 日起，每年的费率上调 $1，所以在那之后发放的八年期驾照要 $88。
总共 $131；如果选六年期，就是 $111：$50 申请费、每年 $10 的发证费，以及 $1 技术费。
申请费是 $50，在发证费之外另收。凡是从未在华盛顿州领过驾照的人，以及上一本华盛顿州驾照过期已经超过八年的人，都要交这笔费用。
这笔费用在申请时缴纳。
如果你刚到美国
你的移民身份
华盛顿州的普通驾照和州身份证（State ID）上不会提到你的居留情况或合法身份——这里没有单独的另一种证件。
没有有效期的外国证件
台湾或日本的驾照，华盛顿州看的是翻译认证件——由驻西雅图台北经济文化代表处（Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Seattle）或日本总领事馆出具——而不是证件本身的日期。如果驾照来自不在华盛顿州名单上的国家，就要走完第一次申领驾照的全部步骤，那种情况下证件上的日期同样不起作用。
如果你其他州的驾照已经过期
其他州的驾照已经过期，不能免掉任何考试：你要和完全没有驾照的人一样，笔试和路考都参加。搬来之后 30 天内必须办到华盛顿州驾照，这个期限依然适用。
需要带的材料
- 仍在有效期内的证件车管局（DOL）已经存有的任何身份证件——以前的华盛顿州驾照、学习驾驶许可、州身份证，或者增强型身份证、增强型驾照——单独一份就够，即使已经过期，只要过期不超过一年也可以。
- 美国的州或属地签发的身份证、驾照或学习驾驶许可，只要还在有效期内，或者过期不超过一年，都算有力的身份证明。过期更久的仍然可以用，但只能作为效力较弱的辅助材料。
你的社会安全号码（SSN）
提供你的号码，以及谁能看到
车管局（DOL）会向社会安全局（SSA）核验你的社会安全号码（SSN），并用它协助执行子女抚养费法律。
你必须提供社会安全号码，或者签一份声明说明自己没有。DOL 会向社会安全局（SSA）核验这个号码，并用它协助执行子女抚养费法律。
要参加的考试
视力检查
发证之前，车管局（DOL）会自己给你做视力检查，所以一般不需要外面的眼科检查报告。如果你要戴眼镜或隐形眼镜，这一点会作为限制条件记在你的驾照上。
标准是双眼合并达到 Snellen 视力表的 20/40，戴不戴矫正镜片都可以；所有申领驾照和许可的人，DOL 都会做这项检查。视力差于 20/40，或者有其他明显的严重视力障碍，就必须由合格的视力专业人员做一次眼科检查。
矫正后仍然达不到 20/100 的，算不合格：会被认定为不适合开车。
矫正后达不到 20/100 是完全不合格；达不到 20/70 则只是不符合夜间驾驶标准，结果是加一条只限白天开车的限制，而不是拒发驾照。视力在 20/50 到 20/100 之间、有其他无法矫正的视力问题，或者只有戴双光望远镜片或望远镜片才能达标的，都需要复检。
矫正后仍然达不到 20/70 的，会被认定为不适合在夜间开车。
视力检查是 DOL 对驾照和学习驾驶许可（instruction permit）共同的要求——不做就都不会发。
每一位申领驾照和学习驾驶许可的人，都要参加 DOL 组织的视力检查。
路考
不是每个人都要考：你的具体情况和驾驶经历决定你到底需不需要考路考或笔试。车管局（DOL）在它的“Do I need to take a test?”页面上回答了这个问题。
驾驶轮椅代步车的人要参加一项专门考试，考察他能否在指定区域内的公共道路上正确、安全地操作车辆。
摩托车学习驾驶许可只发给通过了 DOL 要求并认可的全部笔试和技能考试的申请人。
考试包含一次实际驾驶演示：你必须证明自己开车不会危及他人或财物。
如果你满足其他所有发照条件、通过了华盛顿州要求的一项或多项笔试，并符合法律规定的附加条件，DOL 可以在你首次申领驾照时免掉实际驾驶演示。
笔试有几次机会
华盛顿州没有公布考试次数上限，也没有补考费。没通过可能要等一段时间才能再考——DOL 没有说要等多久——通过的成绩在两年内有效。
笔试练习题
《华盛顿州驾驶员指南》（Washington State Driver Guide）是复习用的资料，本身不是法律。开车和领照真正有约束力的规定写在《华盛顿州法典修订版》（Revised Code of Washington）第 46 编里。
车管局（DOL）自己的练习测试只有五道题——那只是让你快速尝一下，不是完整的模拟考。做对了并不能证明你已经准备好参加真正的笔试。
官方的《华盛顿州驾驶员指南》由 DOL 发布，目前是 2025 年四月修订版，最新版本始终放在 dol.wa.gov。指南里既有法律条文，也有并非法律的安全建议，指南本身会告诉你哪句是哪一种。
你可以在 dol.wa.gov/node/494 下载华盛顿州的驾驶员指南。
笔试提供 12 种语言的版本，包括英语和西班牙语。
法律规定考试中必须出现关于自行车安全和与自行车共用道路的题目，所以这部分你一定会被问到。复习资料还必须涵盖多车道公路上左侧车道的正确使用方法，以及骑车人和行人的权利与义务。
《华盛顿州驾驶员指南》有 17 种语言的免费 PDF 版可以下载——不用付钱，也不用注册账号。
使用翻译
车管局（DOL）可以批准在申领和发放驾照的流程中、在包括上车实操教学在内的驾驶培训中、在各项考试中以及在评估中使用电子翻译设备。
拿着许可练车
练车时谁可以坐在你旁边
如果你手里只有学习驾驶许可，就必须有一位合格的陪同司机坐在车上，包括开车去考试的路上。考试本身进行时，陪同的人在车外等候。
陪同你的必须是有驾照并且驾龄至少五年的司机。其他乘客不论年龄都可以同车。
在公路上行驶时，你旁边的座位上必须坐着合格的驾驶培训教练，或者有驾照并且驾龄至少五年的司机。
路考当天带什么
谁陪你去
路考过程中，车内只允许你和考官两个人。例外是服务性动物和手语翻译。
考试用车和保险
在其他州注册的租赁车辆，只有在华盛顿州以外租的、正在单程驶离本州，或者按《国际注册计划》（International Registration Plan）注册的情况下，才可以合法在这里行驶。在华盛顿州境内取的租赁车通常挂的是华盛顿州牌照，所以这条规定用不上。
考官会检查刹车灯（包括中央高位刹车灯）、转向灯、安全带、车牌、驻车制动、挡风玻璃、副驾驶车门、驾驶位车窗、后视镜，以及在天气需要时检查雨刷、大灯和除雾装置。只要有一项不好用，考官就根本不会进行路考——那算拒绝考试，不算考试不合格。
车内不允许带武器。
车不必是你的，保险也不必写在你名下——保险证明上写投保人姓名或者写车辆信息都可以，租来的车也行。车辆必须依法领牌注册、处于安全可用的状态，刹车灯、转向灯和安全带都要好用，考试开始前考官会逐项核对。
路考可以用租来的车。DOL 没有附加“租车合同上必须写你的名字”这样的条件，不过车辆仍然需要具备规定的保险和注册。
你必须带上考试用车的汽车责任险证明，车辆本身也必须状况良好，注册、年检贴和车牌都在有效期内。缺了其中任何一样，都不会被允许参加路考。
去哪里办
谁来考你
发照考试的内容和进行方式——包括实际驾驶部分——由该部门的负责人确定。
对知识和驾驶能力的复检与专门考试，由发照服务代表进行。这条规定管的是重考和特殊情况，不一定适用于普通的第一次路考。
开设合格交通安全教育课程的学区，可以进行考试中的交通法规知识部分和安全驾驶部分。
给你做路考的人在培训与考试点工作——DOL 的页面在一处把这个人称作教练，在另一处称作考官。考试通过驾驶培训学校进行，DOL 保留监管职责。
你可以在获批的驾驶培训学校考点参加考试，也可以在 License Express 上预约之后到驾照办公室考。
有三类地方可以考试：DOL 的驾照办公室、由 DOL 发照的驾驶培训学校，或者开设交通安全教育课程的学区。
预约办理
你可以在 fortress.wa.gov/dol/extdriveses/ESP/NoLogon/?Link=ScheduleApptLSO 预约驾照办公室的办理时间。
你可以在 fortress.wa.gov/dol/extdriveses/ESP/NoLogon/?Link=ScheduleApptLSO 预约，不需要登录。
办公室地点
你可以在 fortress.wa.gov/dol/dolprod/dsdoffices 找到离你近的驾照办公室。
你可以在 fortress.wa.gov/dol/dolprod/dsdoffices 搜索驾照办公室。
其他州
U
每条出处，原文引用51 条出处
本页的每一条事实都引自发布它的页面，用的是原文的措辞。
“The driver's license fee shall be $10 for each year that the license is issued, which includes the fee for the required photograph.”
app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx核查于 2026年8月4日
“(b)(i) The driver's license fee shall be $10 for each year that the license is issued, which includes the fee for the required photograph. (ii) Beginning July 1, 2028, and on July 1st every three years thereafter, the fee under (b)(i) of this subsection must be increased by $1 for each year that the license is issued.”
app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx核查于 2026年7月27日
“On or after January 1, 2026, each applicant for a new license must pay an application fee of $50.”
app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx核查于 2026年8月3日
“(2) Fee . Prior to January 1, 2026, each applicant for a new license must pay an application fee of $35. On or after January 1, 2026, each applicant for a new license must pay an application fee of $50. (a) The application fee is in addition to the fee charged for issuance of the license. (b) "New license" means a license issued to a driver: (i) Who has not been previously licensed in this state; or (ii) Whose last previous Washington license has been expired for more than eight years.”
app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx核查于 2026年7月27日
“A standard driver license and ID card do not indicate a person's residency or legal status.”
dol.wa.gov/id-cards/real-id核查于 2026年7月26日
“Requires translated certification.”
“An expired license from another state Knowledge and drive test No driver license Knowledge and drive test”
“Any identity document we have on file for you (driver license, learner permit, ID card, EID/EDL, etc.). May be expired up to 1 year”
“U.S. state or territory-issued ID, driver license, or learner permit (valid or expired for no more than 1 year)”
“We verify your Social Security number with the Social Security Administration and use it to help enforce child support laws.”
“We verify your Social Security number with the Social Security Administration and use it to help enforce child support laws. If you apply for a driver license, you must provide it or sign a declaration saying you don't have one.”
“DOL will check your vision before issuing your license. If you use corrective glasses or contact lenses, this will be recorded on your license.”
dol.wa.gov/media/pdf/4745/driver-guidepdf/download核查于 2026年7月27日
“(1) A person applying for a driver's license or instruction permit shall be required to take a vision test administered by the department. (a) Any person with visual acuity worse than 20/40 Snellen with both eyes combined either corrected or uncorrected, or with some apparent significant visual limitation, must have an eye examination by a competent vision authority.”
app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx核查于 2026年7月27日
“An applicant whose vision cannot be corrected to at least 20/100 Snellen range will be deemed to have failed the portion of the driver's license examination specified by RCW 46.20.130 (1)(a) pertaining to eyesight and ability to see, and will be deemed to have failed to demonstrate that he or she is qualified to drive.”
app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx核查于 2026年8月4日
“(c) An applicant whose vision cannot be corrected to at least 20/100 Snellen range will be deemed to have failed the portion of the driver's license examination specified by RCW 46.20.130 (1)(a) pertaining to eyesight and ability to see, and will be deemed to have failed to demonstrate that he or she is qualified to drive. (d) An applicant whose vision cannot be corrected to at least 20/70 Snellen range will be deemed to have failed to demonstrate that he or she is qualified to drive at night.”
app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx核查于 2026年7月27日
“An applicant whose vision cannot be corrected to at least 20/70 Snellen range will be deemed to have failed to demonstrate that he or she is qualified to drive at night.”
app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx核查于 2026年8月4日
“You must first pass the knowledge exam before you can take the Driving Skills Exam.”
dol.wa.gov/media/pdf/4745/driver-guidepdf/download核查于 2026年7月27日
“A person applying for a driver's license or instruction permit shall be required to take a vision test administered by the department.”
app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx核查于 2026年8月3日
“Depending on your situation and driving background, you may not need to take a knowledge test or a drive test.”
“Each operator of a wheelchair conveyance shall undergo a special examination conducted for the purpose of determining whether that person can properly and safely operate the conveyance on public roadways within a specified area.”
app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx核查于 2026年8月4日
“The department may issue a motorcycle instruction permit after the applicant has successfully passed all knowledge and skills examinations required and approved by the department.”
app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx核查于 2026年8月4日
“(c) An actual demonstration of the applicant's ability to operate a motor vehicle without jeopardizing the safety of persons or property.”
app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx核查于 2026年8月4日
“For purposes of issuance of an original driver's license, the department may waive the actual demonstration of the ability to operate a motor vehicle where the applicant meets all other licensing requirements, has successfully completed the appropriate Washington knowledge test or tests”
app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx核查于 2026年8月4日
“If you do not pass, there may be a waiting period before you can retest. A passing score is good for 2 years.”
“The Washington State Driver Guide is not a legal authority and is not intended for use in court. The guide cannot be used as a basis for legal claims or actions. ... If you are interested in specific laws relating to motor vehicle operation and driver licensing, refer to Title 46 RCW, Motor Vehicles.”
dol.wa.gov/media/pdf/4745/driver-guidepdf/download核查于 2026年7月27日
“The above guide is full of information that will help prepare you for your knowledge and drive tests . Ready to put what you learned to the test? Try a 5-question practice test .”
“The Washington State Department of Licensing (DOL) produces the official Washington State Driver Guide. This guide refers to many Washington laws and provides safety advice that might not be in the laws. All information is as accurate as possible at the time of publication. However, the guide might not reflect the most recent changes made by the Washington Legislature. You can find the most current version of this guide on the DOL website: dol.wa.gov.”
dol.wa.gov/media/pdf/4745/driver-guidepdf/download核查于 2026年7月27日
“Washington driver guides -> https://dol.wa.gov/node/494”
“The knowledge test is available in 12 languages:”
“The department of licensing shall incorporate a section on bicycle safety and sharing the road into its instructional publications for drivers and shall include questions in the written portion of the driver's license examination on bicycle safety and sharing the road with bicycles.”
app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx核查于 2026年7月27日
“Use the links below to download a PDF version of the driver guide, which is available in 17 different languages.”
“The department may approve the use of electronic translation devices to support the driver's license application and issuance process, including for: Driver training education purposes, including for behind-the-wheel instruction; driver's license examination purposes; and assessment purposes.”
app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx核查于 2026年8月4日
“You and the examiner are the only people allowed in the vehicle during the exam. We make exceptions for service animals and sign language interpreters.”
dol.wa.gov/media/pdf/4745/driver-guidepdf/download核查于 2026年7月27日
“Drive with a licensed driver with at least 5 years of driving experience (you may have other passengers of any age).”
“A driver training education course instructor who meets the qualifications of chapter 46.82 or 28A.220 RCW, or a licensed driver with at least five years of driving experience, occupies the seat beside the driver.”
app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx核查于 2026年8月4日
“(1) Passenger cars and motor homes currently and properly registered in another jurisdiction will be granted vehicle license reciprocity in this state if: (a) The vehicle was rented by the vehicle operator from a location outside of the state of Washington; (b) The vehicle was dropped off in Washington by the previous renter and is being rented for a one-way trip out of Washington; or (c) The vehicle is registered under the provisions of Article XI, Section 1116 of the International Registration Plan.”
app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx核查于 2026年7月26日
“The examiner will check your: Brake lights (including the center light). Turn signals (hand signals can be used before sunset). Seat belts (must lock and unlock properly). License plate (must be valid). Parking brake. Windshield (checked for any items or cracks that impair safe vision). Passenger door (must open and close from the inside and outside). Driver's door window (must roll down far enough to allow you to use hand signals). Mirrors (the law requires outside left and inside rearview or outside left and outside right). Windshield wipers, headlights, and defrosters (if weather requires use). If any vehicle equipment is not working, the examiner will not conduct your drive test.”
“No weapons are allowed in the vehicle.”
“A legally licensed and registered vehicle must be used for the driving exam. The vehicle needs to have proof of current liability insurance (showing the policy holder's name or the vehicle's description) and be in safe operating condition. Brake lights, signal lights, and seat belts must work. Your examiner will verify all requirements before the exam begins.”
dol.wa.gov/media/pdf/4745/driver-guidepdf/download核查于 2026年7月27日
“You may use a rental car for the drive test.”
“To be able to take the drive test, you must bring: Proof of auto liability insurance for the vehicle you are using to test. A vehicle in good working condition with valid registration, tabs, and plates. You will not be allowed to take the drive test without these 2 items.”
“The director shall prescribe the content of the driver licensing examination and the manner of conducting the examination”
app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx核查于 2026年8月4日
“(e) A reexamination of knowledge and driving ability conducted by a licensing services representative; (f) A special examination of knowledge and driving ability conducted by a licensing services representative;”
app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx核查于 2026年7月27日
“School districts that offer a traffic safety education program under chapter 28A.220 RCW may administer the portions of the driver licensing examination that test the applicant's knowledge of traffic laws and ability to safely operate a motor vehicle.”
app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx核查于 2026年8月4日
“During the drive test, an instructor will determine whether you can operate a vehicle safely while applying your knowledge of traffic laws to real-life situations.”
“Schedule an appointment at a driver licensing office in License Express.”
dol.wa.gov/media/pdf/4745/driver-guidepdf/download核查于 2026年7月27日
“Driver training schools licensed by the department under chapter”
app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx核查于 2026年8月1日
“href="https://fortress.wa.gov/dol/extdriveses/ESP/NoLogon/?Link=ScheduleApptLSO">Make an appointment at a driver licensing office”
dol.wa.gov/appointments-and-locations核查于 2026年7月26日
“Make an appointment at a driver licensing office -> https://fortress.wa.gov/dol/extdriveses/ESP/NoLogon/?Link=ScheduleApptLSO”
“href="https://fortress.wa.gov/dol/dolprod/dsdoffices/" title="Find a driver licensing office near you.">Find a driver licensing office”
“Find a driver licensing office -> https://fortress.wa.gov/dol/dolprod/dsdoffices/”
dol.wa.gov/appointments-and-locations核查于 2026年7月26日