马里兰州驾照
搬到美国后，在马里兰州拿到你的第一本驾照。
流程是这样的
- 1你到了你搬到了马里兰州，想在这里开车。
- 2学习许可你拿着学习驾驶许可（learner permit）上路练车。
- 3笔试你参加笔试。
- 4路考你上车参加路考。
- 拿驾照考试通过，驾照就到手了。
费用
第一本驾照
费用在你本人到机动车管理局（MVA）办公室办理时缴纳，不是提前在网上付。同一次到场时，你还要带上材料、参加要求的考试并拍照。
$88
这笔费用在申请时缴纳。
如果你刚到美国
没有有效期的外国证件
如果你持临时合法身份，而你的证件上没有有效期，你的驾照签发期限不能超过 1 年。
需要带的材料
- 仍在有效期内的证件证明年龄、姓名和身份，你要出示未过期的美国护照、永久居民卡（I-551 表）、带有效美国签证和已批准 I-94 入境记录的外国护照，或工作许可（I-766 表或 I-688B 表）；没有有效期的文件——出生证明、海外出生领事报告、入籍证书或公民证书——同样受理。如果这些你都拿不出来，机动车管理局（MVA）可以接受过期不满 5 年的美国护照。
- 美国护照或永久居民卡（I-551 表）必须有效、未过期，只有一个例外：过期不满 5 年的美国护照，只在你拿不出其他合格文件时才受理。没有有效期的文件——出生证明、海外出生领事报告、入籍证书、公民证书——无论多久以前签发都受理。
你的社会安全号码（SSN）
提供你的号码，以及谁能看到
在这些规定里，“州”指美国的任何州、属地或领地，哥伦比亚特区，波多黎各，或者加拿大的省和地区——不包括其他任何外国。
你要么提供有效的社会安全号码（SSN），要么提供你不符合申请条件的证明；两者都满足要求，所以没有 SSN 并不会让你失去资格。
要参加的考试
视力检查
你可以本人到场通过视力检查，也可以提交填好的视力检查表（DL-043 或 DL-043A），或者由获授权的在线视力检查机构把结果以电子方式发给 MVA。
你需要具备双眼视觉，每只眼睛的视力至少 20/40，连续视野至少 140 度。视力检查可以由 MVA 做，也可以由你自己的眼科医生做。
这项检查可以在 MVA 完成，也可以由你自己的眼科医生完成。
你在预约当天完成视力检查。
要合格，你必须具备双眼视觉，每只眼睛的视力至少 20/40，连续视野至少 140 度。
你必须在过去 24 个月内通过过视力检查。
路考
侧方停车已经不再是必考项目。
你必须会做前进入位停车、倒车入位停车和三点掉头。
你必须证明自己能够合理控制机动车。
笔试有几次机会
没通过的话，你第二天就可以重考。每次不合格都会被记录。
如果你不合格两次或两次以上，就必须至少等七个日历日才能再考。
第一次不合格后，只要约得到号，你可以在下一个工作日重考。
第一次不合格后，只要约得到号，你可以在下一个工作日重考。不合格两次或两次以上，就必须至少等七个日历日才能重考——所有非商业和商业笔试都适用这条规定。
笔试练习题
复习《马里兰州驾驶员手册》（Maryland Driver's Manual），并用马里兰州在线驾驶考试辅导（Maryland Online Driver Test Tutorial）做练习题。
MVA 的在线驾驶考试辅导（Online Driver Test Tutorial）里有练习题，网址是 mva.maryland.gov/drivers。
持学习许可练车
练车时谁可以陪你
陪你练车的监督司机必须年满 21 岁，目前持有同类车辆的驾照至少三年，并且坐在你旁边。
摩托车以外的车辆，监督司机必须年满 21 岁，持有该类车辆的驾照至少三年，并且坐在你旁边。
必须始终有一位年满 21 岁、持照至少三年的合格监督司机陪着你，坐在副驾驶座；前排不允许再坐其他乘客。
监督司机必须年满 21 岁，在马里兰州或其他州持有你所驾车辆类别的驾照至少 3 年，并且坐在你旁边，除非你骑的是摩托车。
路考要带什么
谁陪你去
路考时必须有一位合格的监督司机陪你去，而且他要随身带着自己的驾照。
路考时必须有一位合格的监督司机陪你去。凡是持有所考车辆类别驾照的人，都可以开车送你到考试站，这个人必须随身带着有效驾照。
必须有一位监督司机陪你到考场。考试过程中，车里只允许坐你和考官；如果你需要翻译，还可以带一位经 MVA 批准的翻译。
考试用车和保险
车辆的车牌和注册必须在有效期内，你还要带上这辆车已投保的证明。
路考用的车要你自己准备。
你开来的车必须与你申请的驾照类别相符。
车由你自己带来——MVA 不提供——而且车牌和注册必须在有效期内，还要有保险证明。
车辆需要在有效期内的车牌和注册、保险证明、至少半箱油，挡风玻璃上不能有影响视线的裂痕或遮挡物，而且车况必须安全可开。
考官会检查车况：车必须安全可开，挡风玻璃上不能有裂痕或任何可能影响你视线的东西，油箱至少要有半箱油。
去哪里办
考试由谁负责
由马里兰州交通部机动车管理局（MDOT Motor Vehicle Administration）负责。如果你持有未被吊扣或吊销的外国驾照，你要出示这本驾照，并完成道路安全驾驶教育课程（3-Hour Roadway Safety Driving Education Program），才能参加驾驶技能考试。
预约办理
你可以在 mymva.maryland.gov/go/web/AddAppointment 预约。
驾照预约可以在 mymva.maryland.gov/go/web/DriversLicenseAppointment 办理。
你可以在 mymva.maryland.gov/go/web/AddAppointment 预约。
办公室地点
MVA 的分支办公室和自助机地点可以在 mva.maryland.gov/appointments-online-services/visit-branch-office-or-kiosk 查到。
其他州
U
每条出处，原文引用39 条出处
本页的每一条事实都引自发布它的页面，用的是原文的措辞。
“Bring any required documents; • Take any required tests; • Have photo taken; and • Pay at this office.”
“Driver's License New (21 & over) $88*/$11* per year”
mva.maryland.gov/licenses-ids/license-id-fees核查于 2026年8月3日
“If an applicant has temporary lawful status, the Administration may not issue to the applicant a license to drive for a period that extends beyond the expiration date of the applicant's authorized stay in the United States or, if there is no expiration date, for a period longer than 1 year.”
mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText核查于 2026年8月14日
“A United States Passport that has been expired for less than 5 years.”
dsd.maryland.gov/regulations/Pages/11.17.09.05.aspx核查于 2026年8月19日
“B. An applicant, to establish proof of age, full name, and identity, shall submit at least one of the following source documents: ... (1) Valid, unexpired U.S. passport; ... (4) Valid, unexpired Permanent Resident Card, Form I-551, issued by the U.S. DHS;”
regs.maryland.gov/us/md/exec/comar/11.17.09.04核查于 2026年7月27日
“(17) “State” means any state, possession, or territory of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or a province or territory of Canada.”
regs.maryland.gov/us/md/exec/comar/11.17.09.02核查于 2026年7月27日
“(3) Valid SSN or the applicant's ineligibility for a SSN as set forth in Regulation .04D and .04E of this chapter; and”
regs.maryland.gov/us/md/exec/comar/11.17.09.03核查于 2026年7月27日
“You must pass the vision screening, submit a completed vision screening form (DL-043 or DL-043A) or have an authorized online vision certification provider electronically submit the vision results to the MVA.”
“The MVA or your eye doctor can do the screening. To qualify for a driver’s license, the applicant must have: ... Binocular vision. ... Visual acuity of at least 20/40 in each eye. ... A continuous field of vision of at least 140 degrees.”
“A vision screening tests how well you can see. The MVA or your eye doctor can do the screening.”
“At your appointment, you will complete: A vision screening A knowledge test”
“To qualify for a driver’s license, the applicant must have: • Binocular vision. • Visual acuity of at least 20/40 in each eye. • A continuous field of vision of at least 140 degrees.”
“You must pass a vision screening (within the previous 24 months) to get a Maryland driver's license.”
“Parallel parking is no longer required when you take your driving test.”
“You must be able to successfully perform pull-in parking, back-in parking, and a three-point turn during your driving test.”
“(2) A demonstration of the applicant’s ability to exercise reasonable control in driving a motor vehicle;”
mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText核查于 2026年7月31日
“If you fail the knowledge test, you may retake it the next day.”
“After failing two or more times, you must wait at least seven calendar days before retesting — this applies to all noncommercial and commercial knowledge tests”
“You may retest the next business day after failing for the first time, if an appointment is available”
“You may retest the next business day after failing for the first time, if an appointment is available ... After failing two or more times, you must wait at least seven calendar days before retesting — this applies to all noncommercial and commercial knowledge tests”
“Study the Maryland Driver's Manual to prepare. You can also take practice tests with the Maryland Online Driver Test Tutorial.”
“After reading this manual, test your understanding of the rules of the road by taking our Online Driver Test Tutorial. It is located on the MVA website, mva.maryland.gov/drivers.”
“A supervising driver is: • At least 21 years old. • Currently licensed for at least three years in Maryland or another state to drive the same class of vehicles that you are driving. • Seated beside you, unless the vehicle is a motorcycle.”
“Except as provided in paragraphs (3) and (4) of this subsection, when the holder of a learner's instructional permit appears for the driving test, the permit holder shall be accompanied by an individual qualified under § 16-105 of this subtitle to accompany the holder of a learner's permit while driving on a highway. That individual shall have his driver's license with him. ... The holder of a learner's instructional permit may be driven to the examination station and to the starting point where the examiner begins the test by any individual authorized to drive the class of vehicle in which the test is being given. That individual shall have a valid driver's license in the individual's possession.”
mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText核查于 2026年7月31日
“Once you have your permit, you can: ... Drive on Maryland roads following the rules for driving with a learner’s permit. ... When driving with a learner’s permit, you must: ... Be accompanied at all times by a qualified supervising driver who is at least 21 years old and has held a license for at least three years ... Have your supervising driver sit in the front passenger seat — no other front-seat passengers are allowed”
“Is at least 21 years old ... Has been licensed for at least 3 years in this State or in another state to drive vehicles of the class then being driven by the holder of the learner’s instructional permit ... Unless the vehicle is a motorcycle, is seated beside the holder of the learner’s instructional permit.”
mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText核查于 2026年8月1日
“when the holder of a learner’s instructional permit appears for the driving test, the permit holder shall be accompanied by an individual qualified under § 16–105 of this subtitle to accompany the holder of a learner’s permit while driving on a highway. That individual shall have his driver’s license with him.”
mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText核查于 2026年7月31日
“A “supervising driver” must come with you to the test site. Section 10 of this manual explains who supervising drivers are. Only you and the person giving you the test are allowed in the vehicle during the test. An interpreter that the MVA approves can also be in the car if you need one.”
“The vehicle must have up-to-date license plates and registration. • You must have proof that the vehicle is insured.”
“You must pass a knowledge test and a driving test in a motor vehicle that you must provide.”
“for a required driver skills examination or driver road examination, each applicant shall provide a motor vehicle of a type appropriate to test the applicant’s ability to drive all vehicles that may be driven under the license class applied for.”
mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText核查于 2026年7月31日
“You take the driving skills test using a vehicle you bring to the test. It must meet the following requirements for you to use it for the test: • The vehicle must have up-to-date license plates and registration. • You must have proof that the vehicle is insured.”
“for a required driver skills examination or driver road examination, each applicant shall provide a motor vehicle of a type appropriate to test the applicant’s ability to drive all vehicles that may be driven under the license class applied for.”
mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText核查于 2026年8月1日
“The vehicle must be: • Safe to drive. • Have no cracks or other things on the windshield that could affect your ability to see. • Have at least a half tank of gas.”
“If you have a foreign license that is not suspended or revoked, please present the license and complete the 3-Hour Roadway Safety Driving Education Program before taking your driving skills test.”
“Make an appointment”
“https://mymva.maryland.gov/go/web/DriversLicenseAppointment”
“Make an appointment >> https://mymva.maryland.gov/go/web/AddAppointment”
“Visit a branch office or kiosk >> /appointments-online-services/visit-branch-office-or-kiosk”