弗吉尼亚州驾照
移居美国后，在弗吉尼亚州拿到你的第一本驾照。
流程是这样的
- 1刚搬来你搬到了弗吉尼亚州，想在这里开车。
- 2学习许可你持学习驾驶许可（learner permit）上路练车。
- 3笔试你参加笔试。
- 4路考你亲自上车参加路考。
- 拿到驾照考试通过，驾照就是你的了。
费用
第一本驾照
普通八年期驾照收费 $32。
这笔费用在你申请时缴纳。
如果你刚到美国
没有有效期的外国证件
驾照上没有印有效期并不妨碍换照；表格上本来就没有填有效期的地方。车管局（DMV）会向发照的国家核实你的驾照是否仍然有效，以那边的答复为准。
如果你没有可转换的驾照
如果你来自没有与弗吉尼亚州签订特别协议的国家，就必须通过视力检查、分两部分的笔试和路考，才能拿到驾照。
需要的材料
- 仍在有效期内的证件美国护照或护照卡、外国护照、工作许可（EAD，I-766 表）或永久居民卡（绿卡）——须有效且未过期。
- 所有材料必须是原件；复印件和临时证件（包括临时护照或紧急护照）都不收。车管局（DMV）还可能不经通知就调整认可的证件清单，所以你查清单那天和你去办那天，清单可能不一样。
你的社会安全号码（SSN）
提供号码，以及谁能看到它
弗吉尼亚州法律要求车管局（DMV）收集你的社会安全号码（SSN）。这个号码不会印在驾照上；DMV 会另外给你分配一个客户号码。
要参加的考试
视力检查
车管局（DMV）工作人员会让你在检测仪上读出一组字母或数字；这不是体检。没通过也不会直接被拒发驾照——你可能会被要求去看眼科专业人员。
不带限制条款的驾照要求单眼或双眼视力达到 20/40 或更好，并且单眼或双眼水平视野达到 110 度或更宽，或在该范围内的同等测量结果。
单眼或双眼视力 20/40 或更好（戴不戴矫正眼镜都可以），并且单眼或双眼水平视野至少 110 度，或在该范围内的同等测量结果。
路考
考官要求你出示两份材料之一：驾驶教育结业证书，或者随车练习核对表——车管局（DMV）的 CSMA 19 表，可在 dmv.virginia.gov 或任何 DMV 办事处领取——由一名持照司机在表上证明你练习各项驾驶项目时有其陪同，并且你遵守了学习驾驶许可（learner's permit）的规定。
笔试能考几次
三次没通过后，要先完成并通过驾驶教育的课堂部分，才能考第四次。一门基于弗吉尼亚州驾驶手册（Virginia Driver's Manual）、经车管局（DMV）批准的 8 小时课程也可以满足这一要求，驾校和网上都有开设。
笔试练习题
所有考题都出自弗吉尼亚州驾驶手册（Virginia Driver's Manual）。考试在电脑上进行，内容包括交通标志、机动车法规和安全驾驶。
弗吉尼亚州驾驶手册（Virginia Driver's Manual）是考题的唯一来源，所以你只需要看这本手册。手册第 8 节印有一套带答案的样题，也发布在 dmv.virginia.gov。
看驾驶手册、做练习题就够了；车管局（DMV）没有提到任何别的备考方式——不需要付费课程、应用或补习班。
使用翻译
如果你在申请或考试上需要帮助，到任何一间车管局（DMV）网点告诉工作人员即可。手册承诺的帮助只有这一条；它没有提到具体的翻译服务、表格或预约规则。
持学习许可练车
练车时谁可以陪你
年满 21 岁的持照司机、你的父母或法定监护人，或者年满 18 岁的兄弟姐妹（含同父异母、同母异父或继兄弟姐妹）。这个人必须保持清醒、能帮到你、坐在你旁边，并且本身有资格开车。
必须有一名年满 21 岁的持照司机坐在副驾驶座上，持有效驾照、保持清醒并能帮到你。如果对方是你的法定监护人或兄弟姐妹（含同父异母、同母异父或继兄弟姐妹），也可以是 18、19 或 20 岁。
任何年满 21 岁的持照司机、你的父母或法定监护人，或年满 18 岁的兄弟姐妹（含同父异母、同母异父或继兄弟姐妹）——坐在你身旁、保持清醒、能帮到你，并且有资格驾驶那辆车。持学习许可开车却没有规定的陪同司机，属二级轻罪（Class 2 misdemeanor）。
陪你的持照司机必须年满 21 岁、持有效驾照、坐在副驾驶座上，并且保持清醒、能帮到你。如果对方是你的法定监护人或兄弟姐妹（含同父异母、同母异父或继兄弟姐妹），18、19 或 20 岁也可以。
由一名持照司机在车管局（DMV）的表格上签署你的随车练习核对表，证明你练习了表上列出的驾驶动作。
路考要带什么
考试用车和保险
考试用车由你自己提供，且不能是 autocycle（三轮机动车）。车上必须有有效的安全检验贴纸、车牌、行车登记卡和标贴，刹车、安全带、喇叭、车灯、转向灯、后视镜和速度表也都要能正常使用。
租来的车或 Zipcar 只有在租车合同上把你列为授权驾驶人时才能用。车管局（DMV）公布的考试车辆要求清单里没有提到保险证明。
考试用车必须由你提供。租来的车或 Zipcar 只有在租车合同上把你列为授权驾驶人时才算数。
去哪里办
考试由谁来考
弗吉尼亚州的路考现在全部在实际道路的车流中进行。2024 年九月 29 日之后，所有车管局（DMV）客户服务中心都不再提供封闭场地考试。
如果你选择持学习驾驶许可（learner's permit）满 60 天，路考由车管局（DMV）工作人员来考；如果你上了驾驶教育课程，则由驾校来考。
不是每间车管局（DMV）办事处都提供路考。考点名单见 dmv.virginia.gov/licenses-ids/exams/road-skills-test。
预约
你可以在 dmv.virginia.gov/appointments 预约，也可以直接到场办理。
“Find an Appointment Time”（查找预约时间）按钮会打开实时预约系统；固定的入口页面是 dmv.virginia.gov/appointments。
车管局（DMV）网站上的“Reserve Your Spot”（预留名额）链接会带你到 dmv.virginia.gov/appointments。
办事处地点
你可以在 dmv.virginia.gov/locations 查找车管局（DMV）办事处。
其他州
U
每条出处，原文引用30 条出处
本页的每一条事实都引自发布它的页面，用的是原文的措辞。
“Driver’s license fee ($32 for a standard eight-year license)”
dmv.virginia.gov/licenses-ids/license/applying核查于 2026年7月26日
“The status of the foreign driver's license will be verified with the originating country using the information provided.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dl7.pdf核查于 2026年8月19日
“If you are age 18 or older and you hold a valid driver's license issued by a country other than Canada, France, Germany, Japan, South Korea, or Taiwan, you are not eligible for foreign reciprocity and must pass the two-part knowledge exam, road skills test and a vision screening.”
“Valid, unexpired U.S. passport or U.S. passport card”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/dmv141.pdf核查于 2026年8月1日
“All documents must be originals and are subject to verification; temporary documents and photocopies of documents are not accepted. We will not accept a document when there’s reason to believe it is illegitimate. DMV may require additional documents or change which documents are accepted without prior notice.”
“Virginia law requires DMV to collect your social security number”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/dmv141.pdf核查于 2026年8月1日
“To screen your vision, a DMV staff member will ask you to look into a machine and read a series of letters or numbers. The vision screening is not a medical exam. The screening shows whether your vision meets Virginia’s standards to safely drive. If you fail the vision screening, you may be asked to visit an eye care professional.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
“Vision Standards Driver’s license – unrestricted ... 20/40 or better vision in one or both eyes, and ... 110 degrees, or better, horizontal vision in one or both eyes, or comparable measurement that shows a field of vision within this range.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
“The Department shall not issue a driver's license or learner's permit (i) to any person unless he demonstrates a visual acuity of at least 20/40 in one or both eyes with or without corrective lenses or (ii) to any such person unless he demonstrates at least a field of 110 degrees of horizontal vision in one or both eyes or a comparable measurement that demonstrates a visual field within this range.”
law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title46.2/chapter3核查于 2026年8月1日
“To take the road skills test, the DMV examiner will require that you either: present an acceptable driver’s education certificate of completion, or complete a behind-the-wheel checklist (DMV form CSMA 19 available at dmv.virginia.gov or any DMV office) that describes specific driving tasks that you may be asked to perform while taking the road skills test. A licensed driver will need to certify on the form that he/ she has been with you while you practiced the driving tasks and that you have complied with all requirements for learner’s permit holders while operating a motor vehicle.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
“If you fail the knowledge exam three times, you will not be able to take it a fourth time until you complete and pass the classroom component of driver education. You may have the option of completing an 8-hour course based on the Virginia Driver’s Manual and approved by DMV exclusively for satisfying the three-times-failure requirement. This course is available at a driver training school and online.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
“The two-part knowledge exam is given on a computer and tests your knowledge of traffic signs, motor vehicle laws, and safe driving. Exam questions are taken from information in this manual.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
“Exam questions are taken from information in this manual.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
“Study the driver’s manual and practice questions”
dmv.virginia.gov/appointments核查于 2026年7月26日
“Services for Persons With Disabilities Customers with special needs or who require special help with applications or testing should tell a DMV staff member at any DMV location.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
“when accompanied by any licensed driver 21 years of age or older or by his parent or legal guardian, or by a brother, sister, half-brother, half-sister, step-brother, or step-sister 18 years of age or older.”
law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title46.2/chapter3核查于 2026年8月1日
“A learner’s permit allows you to operate a motor vehicle when a licensed driver at least 21 years of age is seated in the front passenger seat. The driver with you must hold a valid driver’s license, be alert and able to assist you while you are driving. The licensed driver with you may be age 18, 19, or 20 if he or she is your legal guardian, brother, sister, halfbrother, half-sister, step brother or stepsister.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
“issue a permit entitling the applicant, while having the permit in his immediate possession, to drive a motor vehicle or, if the application is made for a motorcycle learner's permit, a motorcycle, on the highways, when accompanied by any licensed driver 21 years of age or older or by his parent or legal guardian, or by a brother, sister, half-brother, half-sister, step-brother, or step-sister 18 years of age or older.”
law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title46.2/chapter3核查于 2026年7月27日
“A learner’s permit allows you to operate a motor vehicle when a licensed driver at least 21 years of age is seated in the front passenger seat. The driver with you must hold a valid driver’s license, be alert and able to assist you while you are driving.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
“submit to the examiner a behind-the-wheel maneuvers checklist, on a form provided by the Department, that describes the vehicle maneuvers the applicant may be expected to perform while taking the behind-the-wheel examination, that has been signed by a licensed driver, certifying that the applicant has practiced the driving maneuvers contained and described therein”
law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title46.2/chapter3核查于 2026年8月1日
“You must provide a vehicle for the road skills test (cannot be taken in an autocycle). The vehicle must have a valid safety inspection sticker, license plates, registration card and decals, working brakes, safety belts, horn, lights, turn signals, mirrors and speedometer.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
“You must provide a vehicle for the test. Rental or Zipcars can only be used if you are listed on the rental agreement as an authorized driver. The vehicle must have: a valid safety inspection sticker, license plates and registration card; and working brakes, safety belts*, horn, lights, turn signals, mirrors and speedometer.”
dmv.virginia.gov/licenses-ids/exams/road-skills-test核查于 2026年7月26日
“You must provide a vehicle for the test. Rental or Zipcars can only be used if you are listed on the rental agreement as an authorized driver.”
dmv.virginia.gov/licenses-ids/exams/road-skills-test核查于 2026年7月26日
“Is closed course testing still an option? After September 29, 2024, closed course testing will no longer be available at any DMV customer service center.”
dmv.virginia.gov/licenses-ids/exams/road-skills-test核查于 2026年7月26日
“For applicants who choose to take driver's education, the road skills test will be administered by the driver training school. For those who opt to hold a learner's permit for 60 days, the road skills test will be given by a DMV staff member.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年8月1日
“Road Skills Testing Locations -> https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/licenses-ids/exams/road-skills-test”
dmv.virginia.gov/appointments核查于 2026年7月26日
“Most services can be conducted online or by mail, but if you need to visit us in person, make an appointment, reserve your spot or walk in for service.”
dmv.virginia.gov/appointments核查于 2026年7月26日
“Find an Appointment Time -> https://appointments.dmv.virginia.gov/OABS/Appointment/Index/f9d2f0ce-2853-4b10-969f-2cfcdc543d1c”
dmv.virginia.gov/appointments核查于 2026年7月26日
“Reserve Your Spot -> https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/appointments”
dmv.virginia.gov/licenses-ids/license核查于 2026年7月26日
“Locations -> https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/locations”
dmv.virginia.gov/licenses-ids/license核查于 2026年7月26日