弗吉尼亚州驾照
移居美国后，在弗吉尼亚州拿到你的第一本驾照。
简短回答
流程是这样的
- 1刚搬来你搬到了弗吉尼亚州，想在这里开车。
- 2学习许可你持学习驾驶许可（learner permit）上路练车。
- 3笔试你参加笔试。
- 4路考你亲自上车参加路考。
- 5拿到驾照考试通过，驾照就是你的了。
费用
如果你刚到美国
需要的材料
你的社会安全号码（SSN）
提供号码，以及谁能看到它
弗吉尼亚州法律要求车管局（DMV）收集你的社会安全号码（SSN）。这个号码不会印在驾照上；DMV 会另外给你分配一个客户号码。8
要参加的考试
视力检查
车管局（DMV）工作人员会让你在检测仪上读出一组字母或数字；这不是体检。没通过也不会直接被拒发驾照——你可能会被要求去看眼科专业人员。1
路考
考官要求你出示两份材料之一：驾驶教育结业证书，或者随车练习核对表——车管局（DMV）的 CSMA 19 表，可在 dmv.virginia.gov 或任何 DMV 办事处领取——由一名持照司机在表上证明你练习各项驾驶项目时有其陪同，并且你遵守了学习驾驶许可（learner's permit）的规定。11
笔试能考几次
三次没通过后，要先完成并通过驾驶教育的课堂部分，才能考第四次。一门基于弗吉尼亚州驾驶手册（Virginia Driver's Manual）、经车管局（DMV）批准的 8 小时课程也可以满足这一要求，驾校和网上都有开设。4
笔试练习题
所有考题都出自弗吉尼亚州驾驶手册（Virginia Driver's Manual）。考试在电脑上进行，内容包括交通标志、机动车法规和安全驾驶。12
使用翻译
如果你在申请或考试上需要帮助，到任何一间车管局（DMV）网点告诉工作人员即可。手册承诺的帮助只有这一条；它没有提到具体的翻译服务、表格或预约规则。15
持学习许可练车
练车时谁可以陪你
年满 21 岁的持照司机、你的父母或法定监护人，或者年满 18 岁的兄弟姐妹（含同父异母、同母异父或继兄弟姐妹）。这个人必须保持清醒、能帮到你、坐在你旁边，并且本身有资格开车。16
必须有一名年满 21 岁的持照司机坐在副驾驶座上，持有效驾照、保持清醒并能帮到你。如果对方是你的法定监护人或兄弟姐妹（含同父异母、同母异父或继兄弟姐妹），也可以是 18、19 或 20 岁。17
任何年满 21 岁的持照司机、你的父母或法定监护人，或年满 18 岁的兄弟姐妹（含同父异母、同母异父或继兄弟姐妹）——坐在你身旁、保持清醒、能帮到你，并且有资格驾驶那辆车。持学习许可开车却没有规定的陪同司机，属二级轻罪（Class 2 misdemeanor）。18
陪你的持照司机必须年满 21 岁、持有效驾照、坐在副驾驶座上，并且保持清醒、能帮到你。如果对方是你的法定监护人或兄弟姐妹（含同父异母、同母异父或继兄弟姐妹），18、19 或 20 岁也可以。19
由一名持照司机在车管局（DMV）的表格上签署你的随车练习核对表，证明你练习了表上列出的驾驶动作。20
路考要带什么
去哪里办
其他州
U
资料来源
上文每一条带编号的事实，都引自发布它的页面，用的是原文的措辞。
- 1
“To screen your vision, a DMV staff member will ask you to look into a machine and read a series of letters or numbers. The vision screening is not a medical exam. The screening shows whether your vision meets Virginia’s standards to safely drive. If you fail the vision screening, you may be asked to visit an eye care professional.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
- 2
“If you are age 18 or older and you hold a valid driver's license issued by a country other than Canada, France, Germany, Japan, South Korea, or Taiwan, you are not eligible for foreign reciprocity and must pass the two-part knowledge exam, road skills test and a vision screening.”
dmv.virginia.gov/…/exchange-foreign-dl核查于 2026年8月18日
- 3
“Driver’s license fee ($32 for a standard eight-year license)”
dmv.virginia.gov/licenses-ids/license/applying核查于 2026年7月26日
- 4
“If you fail the knowledge exam three times, you will not be able to take it a fourth time until you complete and pass the classroom component of driver education. You may have the option of completing an 8-hour course based on the Virginia Driver’s Manual and approved by DMV exclusively for satisfying the three-times-failure requirement. This course is available at a driver training school and online.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
- 5
“The status of the foreign driver's license will be verified with the originating country using the information provided.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dl7.pdf核查于 2026年8月19日
- 6
“Valid, unexpired U.S. passport or U.S. passport card”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/dmv141.pdf核查于 2026年8月1日
- 7
“All documents must be originals and are subject to verification; temporary documents and photocopies of documents are not accepted. We will not accept a document when there’s reason to believe it is illegitimate. DMV may require additional documents or change which documents are accepted without prior notice.”
dmv.virginia.gov/…/eligibility核查于 2026年7月26日
- 8
“Virginia law requires DMV to collect your social security number”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/dmv141.pdf核查于 2026年8月1日
- 9
“Vision Standards Driver’s license – unrestricted ... 20/40 or better vision in one or both eyes, and ... 110 degrees, or better, horizontal vision in one or both eyes, or comparable measurement that shows a field of vision within this range.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
- 10
“The Department shall not issue a driver's license or learner's permit (i) to any person unless he demonstrates a visual acuity of at least 20/40 in one or both eyes with or without corrective lenses or (ii) to any such person unless he demonstrates at least a field of 110 degrees of horizontal vision in one or both eyes or a comparable measurement that demonstrates a visual field within this range.”
law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title46.2/chapter3核查于 2026年8月1日
- 11
“To take the road skills test, the DMV examiner will require that you either: present an acceptable driver’s education certificate of completion, or complete a behind-the-wheel checklist (DMV form CSMA 19 available at dmv.virginia.gov or any DMV office) that describes specific driving tasks that you may be asked to perform while taking the road skills test. A licensed driver will need to certify on the form that he/ she has been with you while you practiced the driving tasks and that you have complied with all requirements for learner’s permit holders while operating a motor vehicle.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
- 12
“The two-part knowledge exam is given on a computer and tests your knowledge of traffic signs, motor vehicle laws, and safe driving. Exam questions are taken from information in this manual.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
- 13
“Exam questions are taken from information in this manual.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
- 14
“Study the driver’s manual and practice questions”
dmv.virginia.gov/appointments核查于 2026年7月26日
- 15
“Services for Persons With Disabilities Customers with special needs or who require special help with applications or testing should tell a DMV staff member at any DMV location.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
- 16
“when accompanied by any licensed driver 21 years of age or older or by his parent or legal guardian, or by a brother, sister, half-brother, half-sister, step-brother, or step-sister 18 years of age or older.”
law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title46.2/chapter3核查于 2026年8月1日
- 17
“A learner’s permit allows you to operate a motor vehicle when a licensed driver at least 21 years of age is seated in the front passenger seat. The driver with you must hold a valid driver’s license, be alert and able to assist you while you are driving. The licensed driver with you may be age 18, 19, or 20 if he or she is your legal guardian, brother, sister, halfbrother, half-sister, step brother or stepsister.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
- 18
“issue a permit entitling the applicant, while having the permit in his immediate possession, to drive a motor vehicle or, if the application is made for a motorcycle learner's permit, a motorcycle, on the highways, when accompanied by any licensed driver 21 years of age or older or by his parent or legal guardian, or by a brother, sister, half-brother, half-sister, step-brother, or step-sister 18 years of age or older.”
law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title46.2/chapter3核查于 2026年7月27日
- 19
“A learner’s permit allows you to operate a motor vehicle when a licensed driver at least 21 years of age is seated in the front passenger seat. The driver with you must hold a valid driver’s license, be alert and able to assist you while you are driving.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
- 20
“submit to the examiner a behind-the-wheel maneuvers checklist, on a form provided by the Department, that describes the vehicle maneuvers the applicant may be expected to perform while taking the behind-the-wheel examination, that has been signed by a licensed driver, certifying that the applicant has practiced the driving maneuvers contained and described therein”
law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title46.2/chapter3核查于 2026年8月1日
- 21
“You must provide a vehicle for the road skills test (cannot be taken in an autocycle). The vehicle must have a valid safety inspection sticker, license plates, registration card and decals, working brakes, safety belts, horn, lights, turn signals, mirrors and speedometer.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年7月27日
- 22
“You must provide a vehicle for the test. Rental or Zipcars can only be used if you are listed on the rental agreement as an authorized driver. The vehicle must have: a valid safety inspection sticker, license plates and registration card; and working brakes, safety belts*, horn, lights, turn signals, mirrors and speedometer.”
dmv.virginia.gov/licenses-ids/exams/road-skills-test核查于 2026年7月26日
- 23
“You must provide a vehicle for the test. Rental or Zipcars can only be used if you are listed on the rental agreement as an authorized driver.”
dmv.virginia.gov/licenses-ids/exams/road-skills-test核查于 2026年7月26日
- 24
“Is closed course testing still an option? After September 29, 2024, closed course testing will no longer be available at any DMV customer service center.”
dmv.virginia.gov/licenses-ids/exams/road-skills-test核查于 2026年7月26日
- 25
“For applicants who choose to take driver's education, the road skills test will be administered by the driver training school. For those who opt to hold a learner's permit for 60 days, the road skills test will be given by a DMV staff member.”
dmv.virginia.gov/sites/default/files/forms/dmv39.pdf核查于 2026年8月1日
- 26
“Road Skills Testing Locations -> https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/licenses-ids/exams/road-skills-test”
dmv.virginia.gov/appointments核查于 2026年7月26日
- 27
“Most services can be conducted online or by mail, but if you need to visit us in person, make an appointment, reserve your spot or walk in for service.”
dmv.virginia.gov/appointments核查于 2026年7月26日
- 28
“Find an Appointment Time -> https://appointments.dmv.virginia.gov/OABS/Appointment/Index/f9d2f0ce-2853-4b10-969f-2cfcdc543d1c”
dmv.virginia.gov/appointments核查于 2026年7月26日
- 29
“Reserve Your Spot -> https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/appointments”
dmv.virginia.gov/licenses-ids/license核查于 2026年7月26日
- 30
“Locations -> https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/locations”
dmv.virginia.gov/licenses-ids/license核查于 2026年7月26日