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Answered August 2026

It forks: no bank account does not exempt you—if your foreign-owned single-member disregarded LLC had any reportable owner or related-party transaction, including amounts connected with formation or dissolution, you must file Form 5472 for that year; only a truly transaction-free year is exempt.

I opened a foreign-owned LLC in 2025 and dissolved it in 2026, but it never had a bank account. Do I still need to file Form 5472?

Summary

This is manageable because the answer comes from a year-by-year list of transactions, not from guessing whether an inactive LLC counts as a business. Reconstruct what was paid, transferred, contributed, distributed, or done for the LLC in 2025 and 2026, then follow the matching branch.

Your answer forks first on the LLC’s federal tax classification, then on whether each year contained a .

One foreign owner; no corporate electionlikely route

A domestic LLC wholly owned by one foreign person is normally a and is treated as a corporation for section 6038A reporting. File one Form 5472 per related party for each year with a reportable transaction; amounts connected with formation and dissolution, including contributions and distributions, are expressly covered by 26 CFR 1.6038A-2.

Truly no reportable transaction in a yearnarrow exception

The IRS instructions exempt that year only if the entity had no transactions of the types in Parts IV and VI and, for a foreign-owned disregarded entity, none in Part V. This is narrow: first test every payment, transfer, contribution, distribution, and service connected with opening, maintaining, or closing the LLC.

Two or more owners; no corporate electiondifferent return

The IRS normally classifies a domestic LLC with two or more owners as a partnership, not a disregarded entity. The special foreign-owned-disregarded-entity Form 5472 rule therefore is not your route solely because the partners are foreign.

LLC elected corporate taxationcorporate route

If Form 8832 made the LLC a corporation and a foreign person owned at least 25%, the corporation is a reporting corporation under 26 CFR 1.6038A-1. It files Form 5472 for each related party with which it had a reportable transaction, attached to its actual Form 1120 rather than the disregarded-entity .

Having no bank account does not remove a filing duty created by owner funding, payments, transfers, distributions, or services.

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Watch out for

No bank account is not an exemptionForm 5472 turns on a with a related party, not on whether the LLC had a bank account, revenue, or profit. Under 26 CFR 1.6038A-2(b)(3)(xi), reportable items for a foreign-owned disregarded entity include amounts paid or received in connection with formation or dissolution, including contributions and distributions; 26 CFR 1.482-1(i)(7) also includes transfers of money or property, contributions, and services performed for another taxpayer.
Test 2025 and 2026 separatelyThe rule is annual and requires a separate Form 5472 for each related party. File for 2025 if that year included a reportable formation, funding, owner/LLC transfer, or service transaction; separately file for the 2026 closing period if dissolution involved a payment, contribution, distribution, transfer, or service.
The 2025 deadline may already have passedIf the foreign owner had no U.S. tax year, the LLC uses the calendar year. The calendar-year 2025 filing was due April 15, 2026; if Form 7004 was timely filed, the generally six-month extension runs to October 15, 2026. Without that timely extension, the 2025 filing is late as of August 27, 2026.
Closing creates a short deadlineFor a required 2026 final filing, the Form 1120 instructions set the deadline at the 15th day of the fourth month after dissolution. The exact date depends on your dissolution date; check “Final return” in item E of the .
The penalty is large26 CFR 1.6038A-4 starts the penalty at $25,000 for each taxable year and related party. If the failure continues more than 90 days after IRS notice, another $25,000 applies for each 30-day period or fraction; a written, signed reasonable-cause statement can request relief, but relief is not automatic.

Next steps

These steps determine whether you owe one or two filings and put each required package on the correct deadline.

Before choosing a form

Confirm the LLC’s federal tax classification

One owner and no corporate election normally means a disregarded LLC; two or more owners normally means a partnership; Form 8832 may instead make it a corporation. The special filing method below applies to a .

Requirements

2025–2026 ownership records
Any filed Form 8832

Separate 2025 from 2026

Make a transaction list for each year

For each related party, list every transfer of money or property, contribution, distribution, and service, plus every amount paid or received in connection with formation or dissolution. If a year has none of the reportable transaction types in Parts IV, V, or VI, the IRS exception removes Form 5472 for that year.

Requirements

Formation and state-filing records
Invoices and evidence of who paid them
Owner contributions, advances, reimbursements, and distributions
Property transfers and services performed for the LLC
Dissolution and asset-distribution records

Act now for a calendar-year LLC

File the 2025 package if required

Complete Form 5472 (https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f5472.pdf) and attach it to a pro forma Form 1120 (https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1120.pdf). On Form 1120 complete the LLC’s name and address and items B and E, and write “Foreign-owned U.S. DE” across the top. The calendar-year deadline was April 15, 2026; a Form 7004 filed by that date generally extends filing to October 15, 2026. Fax the package at 300 DPI or higher to 855-887-7737, or mail it to Internal Revenue Service, 1973 Rulon White Blvd, M/S 6112, Attn: PIN Unit, Ogden, UT 84201; do not e-file it.

Requirements

Form 5472 for each related party
A
The 2025 transaction statement required by Part V

By the closing-period deadline

File the final 2026 package if required

Use the same fax or mailing address. Enter the short period ending on the dissolution date, check item E’s “Final return” box, and file by the 15th day of the fourth month after the date the LLC dissolved. If that regular deadline has not passed, Form 7004 (https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f7004.pdf) must reach the same dedicated fax or address by the regular deadline and generally provides six additional months.

Requirements

The legal dissolution date
Form 5472 for each related party
A final
The 2026 Part V transaction statement

If the IRS assesses $25,000

Respond to any Form 5472 penalty

Send a written reasonable-cause statement to the IRS service center where Form 5472 is required to be filed. State every fact showing good faith and reasonable cause and include the penalties-of-perjury declaration; the IRS decides whether the facts excuse the failure.

Requirements

IRS notice, if issued
A timeline and documents showing the cause of the failure
A declaration signed under penalties of perjury

Legal sources

This answer rests on Treasury regulations in the current eCFR and the IRS Instructions for Forms 5472, 1120, and 7004.

26 CFR 1.6038A-1

This makes a wholly foreign-owned domestic disregarded LLC a reporting corporation for the limited Form 5472 rules.

 26 CFR 1.6038A-1

(c)(1)

A domestic business entity that is wholly owned by one foreign person and that is otherwise classified under § 301.7701-3(b)(1)(ii) of this chapter as disregarded as an entity separate from its owner is treated as an entity separate from its owner and classified as a domestic corporation for purposes of section 6038A. See § 301.7701-2(c)(2)(vi) of this chapter.

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26 CFR 1.6038A-2

Form 5472 is an annual, related-party-by-related-party requirement triggered by reportable transactions.

 26 CFR 1.6038A-2

(a)(1)

Each reporting corporation as defined in § 1.6038A-1(c) (or members of an affiliated group filing together as described in § 1.6038A-1(k) ) shall make a separate annual information return on Form 5472 with respect to each related party as defined in § 1.6038A-1(d) with which the reporting corporation (or any group member joining in a consolidated Form 5472) has had any reportable transaction during the taxable year.

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26 CFR 1.6038A-2

Payments or receipts connected with forming or dissolving the LLC—including contributions and distributions—are reportable transactions.

 26 CFR 1.6038A-2

(b)(3)(xi)

( xi ) With respect to an entity that is a reporting corporation as a result of being treated as a corporation under § 301.7701-2(c)(2)(vi) of this chapter, any other transaction as defined by § 1.482-1(i)(7), such as amounts paid or received in connection with the formation, dissolution, acquisition and disposition of the entity, including contributions to and distributions from the entity.

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26 CFR 1.482-1

The incorporated transaction definition is broad and does not require a bank account or formal documentation.

 26 CFR 1.482-1

(i)(7)

Transaction means any sale, assignment, lease, license, loan, advance, contribution, or any other transfer of any interest in or a right to use any property (whether tangible or intangible, real or personal) or money, however such transaction is effected, and whether or not the terms of such transaction are formally documented. A transaction also includes the performance of any services for the benefit of, or on behalf of, another taxpayer.

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Instructions for Form 5472

A reporting corporation has no Form 5472 duty for a year that is genuinely free of every listed reportable-transaction type.

 Instructions for Form 5472

Exceptions from filing, item 1

It had no reportable transactions of the types listed in Parts IV and VI of the form and, in the case of a reporting corporation that is a foreign-owned U.S. DE, also had no reportable transactions of the type listed in Part V of the form.

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Instructions for Form 5472

A covered disregarded LLC files Form 5472 attached to a limited pro forma Form 1120.

 Instructions for Form 5472

When and Where To File—Foreign-owned U.S. DEs

While a foreign-owned U.S. DE has no income tax return filing requirement, as a result of final regulations under section 6038A, it will now be required to file a pro forma Form 1120, U.S. Corporation Income Tax Return, with Form 5472 attached by the due date (including extensions) of that Form 1120. The only information required to be completed on Form 1120 is the name and address of the foreign-owned U.S. DE and items B and E on the first page. The foreign-owned U.S. DE has the same tax year used by its owner for U.S. tax filing requirements or, if none, the calendar year.

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Instructions for Form 5472

These are the IRS’s dedicated fax and mail destinations for this filing; the entity cannot e-file Form 5472.

 Instructions for Form 5472

When and Where To File—Dedicated mailing address

File these forms by: • Fax (300 DPI or higher) to 855-887-7737, or • Mail to: Internal Revenue Service 1973 Rulon White Blvd M/S 6112 Attn: PIN Unit Ogden, UT 84201. If you are a foreign-owned U.S. DE, you cannot file Form 5472 electronically.

Read the full text

2025 Instructions for Form 1120

This supplies the final-return deadline formula after dissolution.

 2025 Instructions for Form 1120

When To File, page 4

A corporation that has dissolved must generally file by the 15th day of the 4th month after the date it dissolved.

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Instructions for Form 7004

A timely Form 7004 generally gives six extra months to file.

 Instructions for Form 7004

When To File; Extension Period, page 1

Generally, Form 7004 must be filed on or before the due date of the applicable tax return. Properly filing Form 7004 will automatically give you the maximum extension allowed from the due date of your return to file the return. The automatic extension period for time to file is generally 6 months.

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26 CFR 1.6038A-4

The initial failure-to-file penalty is $25,000 for each affected taxable year, applied per related party under the regulation.

 26 CFR 1.6038A-4

(a)(1)

If a reporting corporation fails to furnish the information described in § 1.6038A-2 within the time and manner prescribed in § 1.6038A-2(d), fails to maintain or cause another to maintain records as required by § 1.6038A-3, or (in the case of records maintained outside the United States) fails to meet the non-U.S. record maintenance requirements within the applicable time prescribed in § 1.6038A-3(f), a penalty of $25,000 shall be assessed for each taxable year with respect to which such failure occurs.

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IRS LLC classification FAQ

The IRS classifies a one-owner domestic LLC as disregarded by default and a multi-owner LLC as a partnership by default, unless it elects corporate treatment.

 IRS LLC classification FAQ

Only one owner, the IRS will by default treat it as a sole proprietorship (disregarded entity) unless the entity elects to be treated as a corporation. Two or more owners, the IRS will by default treat it as a partnership unless the entity elects to be treated as a corporation. An LLC may elect to be classified as a corporation (also called an “association taxable as a corporation”) or an S corporation (assuming the LLC satisfies the S corporation requirements).

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These are the official IRS and Treasury rules as published on the cited dates; tax rules and filing procedures can change.

This is general information about official processes, not legal advice, and SettleKit is not a law firm.

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